Environment Analysis Essay

Marketing Environment Analysis An underlying assumption of the introduction to marketing course is that students learn best and retain more when they actively apply and work with the concepts presented in the course materials rather than simply read about them. Therefore, the purpose of this assignment is to apply concepts and knowledge learned in class to real situations to enhance your understanding. A marketing environment analysis is an examination of the major external forces and trends that have impacted or may mpact a market and thus present opportunities and threats for marketers. It involves an assessment of the key components of a company’s task (micro) environment and macroenvironment (see Chapter 3). This information is necessary input into the development of a strategic plan for companies who are involved or plan to become involved in the industry. Project Summary Your short paper should contain the following two parts. Part 1. part 2. Examine the current market micro and macro environmental situation for an industry f your choice (for example, please see the list on page. 5). That is, explore the market, customer, competitive, distribution, demographic, economic, ecological, technological, political/legal, and cultural situations for the industry with particular emphasis on those changing environmental factors that may provide opportunities and threats for companies in the industry (see Chapter 3 for more details; This is primarily sections II and Ill below). Demonstrate your understanding of core marketing concepts that you have not incorporated into Part 1. A partial list of the concepts that should be addressed is provided below (Section ‘V). You are not limited to this list. Examples, both real (preferable) and conjectural (i. e. , things that you think are likely), should be provided to demonstrate your understanding. Most of these concepts should be addressed in your industry analysis (i. e. , Part 1). You do not need to repeat any of the core concepts that are covered in Part 1 . While all parts of this project are important, your demonstration of your nderstanding and ability to use core marketing concepts is particularly important. Regardless of the section (Part 1 or Part 2) in which you discuss the core concepts, please use bold type to highlight the concepts. Please note that this assignment will be completed individually. Your written report should conform (more or less) to the format listed below. The body of the analysis should not exceed six double-spaced typed (12-point type) pages. However, extensive use of appendices (such as charts, tables, industry-related ads etc. is acceptable. The page count begins with the â€Å"Task (micro) Environment Description† (point II. in the format given below) and not with the summary or table of contents. Each item in the appendix must be individually referenced in the body. References (i. e. , sources of information) must be cited in the main text (include author’s name, year) and listed in a reference section (section VI). As with all written assignments, your analysis will be evaluated on its professional appearance, readability, and apparent ettort, as well as on its content.

The End of Osama bin Laden

Ever since the twin towers of World Trade Center collapsed in New York on September 11, 2001, United States of America was hot on the heels of Osama bin Laden, the founder and main source of inspiration of al-Qaida, the organization accused of carrying out that heinous attack. Osama was considered as the fountainhead of all terrorist activities across the world and western powers were sparing no efforts to track this elusive leader. There were numerous reports of sightings of bin Laden but catching up on the world’s most notorious fugitive was becoming almost impossible. In fact, for quite some time, sightings of bin Laden had become a joke, almost similar to the sightings of UFOs (Schabner, 2011). But on May 1, 2011, nearly a full decade after the dastardly destruction of twin towers, the President of United States of America declared that bin Laden was located in a fortress like house in Abbottabad, a garrison town in Pakistan, and killed in a commando operation. This operation had all the makings of a movie thriller and seemed fascinating in its use of latest technology and show of extreme personal courage by the commandos. The whole operation was carried out by US personnel without any help from their Pakistani counterparts and it was sheer cutting edge technology that hid their helicopters from the prying eyes of Pakistani radars. Pakistan military did not have the slightest inkling that US helicopters had violated their airspace and had ventured deep in their territory, picked out their target and decamped with his dead body. One of the helicopters malfunctioned during the operation and the commandos blew it up to prevent it from falling in Chinese hands. China, incidentally, is possibly the best friend of Pakistan which is gradually becoming isolated from world community because of its persistent dalliance with international terrorism and using it as a state policy against its neighbors (Schabner, 2011). US President went to extent of lauding this incident as justice finally being meted out to a criminal and to prevent any possibilities of his burial site turning into some sort of pilgrimage site for his followers, his body was summarily buried in deep sea with the world having no idea as to where exactly such burial was done. After the initial elation is over, the entire incident throws up certain rather unusual questions. The first of course is how Osama could hide in a garrison town without explicit knowledge of Pakistani army. The second and possibly even more disturbing question that surfaces to the mind is when US President’s public approval was at its lowest, some sort of gimmick was absolutely necessary to halt the downward slide, especially as he is due to begin his campaign for reelection very soon (Schabner, 2011). So, was it a case of extreme valor on the part US commandos and daring use of cutting edge technology, or was it a case of quid pro quo with Pakistani military establishment that handed over Obama in exchange of some as yet undisclosed benefit? This is the question that seems to bother many people around the world, since if such an apprehension is proved correct, it would be another example of US hypocrisy and extreme shortsightedness which it has exhibited time and again in world history and caused numerous crises across the world in foreign shores. Osama bin Laden eliminated: justice done When US President Barack Obama came on television on May 1, 2011 and declared justice has finally been done by eliminating Osama bin Laden in some far off garrison town in Pakistan, the world for an instant felt a surge of joy and relief at the destruction of that epitome of ruthless jihadist terrorism that took so many innocent lives and maimed numerous more unsuspecting peace loving citizens across the world. Really, the world felt that finally the long arm the law in a rather unique form had caught up with that man who ridiculed and taunted all tenets of civilized norms and killed people at will all in the name of some ill defined religious cause. The gory photos of collapsing twin towers of New York on out television screens further added to our relief at the death of the prime culprit who unleashed mayhem and senseless destruction without the slightest feeling of remorse or guilt. Scenes of jubilant public bathed in the all consuming wave of instant patriotism thronging the gates of White House further bolstered the super power image of United States of America and American citizens all over the world felt relived and secure at the thought that now nobody can cause them any harm in any corner of the world as Uncle Sam would be everywhere to protect them from any sort of trouble or discomfort (Schabner, 2011). One question however repeatedly keeps disturbing the mind. Why did the US Administration release a photo of the dead body of bin Laden and why did they bury his body in deep seas in almost a hypochondriac haste? US Administration is of course ready with an explanation of their queer behavior. They did not release the photograph of bin Laden as that was too gory and they buried him in deep sea to prevent his burial site from becoming a pilgrimage site for his followers as has happened in the case of Saddam Hussein, the deposed and dead President of Iraq (Schabner, 2011). It cannot be denied that these explanations have their merit, but the world has seen genuinely gory war photographs before and it would have done no real harm in seeing one more such photograph. And, the US could have flown the dead body of bin Laden in United States, at least for a private viewing of the top brass of US military. That would have permanently laid to rest all speculations that seemed to float around about the veracity of the operation and combat. However, the most disturbing issue that comes up is whether it was genuine effort by intelligence agencies of United States and a case of extreme courage by its commandos or it was some sort of trade off that US Administration had entered into with Pakistan. Obama needed some sort of a magic to revive his steadily flagging popularity graph as he is about to commence his reelection campaign within few months. Killing Osama bin Laden provided that perfect magic that he was so desperately looking for and he could pull it off by making a deal with Pakistani military which handed Osama bin Laden to US in return for some undisclosed booty. If this has actually been the case then United States has actually boosted international terrorism instead of eradicating it substantially (Schabner, 2011). Osama bin Laden killed in a daring commando raid by US May 1, 2011 will surely be marked as a watershed day not only in the history of United States but also the whole world. It was on this day that terror mastermind Osama bin Laden was eliminated by commandos of United States military. The world heaved a sigh of relief not only at the news that bin Laden would no longer be able to implement his nefarious plans of inflicting death and destruction on innocent civilian population across the world, but also in seeing the reaffirmation of the age old adage that good always wins over evil. This reaffirmation bolstered the sagging morale of millions of people across the world who had been hapless victims of mindless destruction unleashed by Osama and his henchmen. They once again raised their heads in firm conviction that evil, however venomous it might be, can never win over ood (Schabner, 2011).. Barack Obama, President of United States, could rightly have soaked in vicarious glory and valor of his commandos and could have strode the podium like a victorious Roman Emperor as he returned from a conquest with the head of the fallen king held high on a pike. But Obama did nothing of that and showed remarkable control and composure on such a momentous occasion and he deserv ed full throated praise for it (Schabner, 2011). But several nagging issues fail to leave the mind. The first, quite obviously, is why did the US military not release a photograph of slain Osama bin Laden? The argument put forward by US that the photograph would have too gory really does not hold water as only a couple of years back Sri Lankan military displayed the body of slain guerilla leader Prabhakaran with his head barely attached to his shoulder and that of his son with his head partially blown off. It was a commando raid, not a tea party, and such gore and blood is an integral part of such raids. So, the reluctance to publish any photograph of bin Laden raises a couple of other prickly questions too. The first among those is, did Osama get killed in that commando raid or was he handed over by his protectors, the military establishment of Pakistan, to the US forces in return for some undisclosed booty? The suspicion becomes stronger at conflicting details that kept on emanating from US Administration about the exact nature of combat that floored Osama. Initially it was said that he offered stiff resistance which was gradually changed to he was completely unarmed and could hardly find time to offer any sort of resistance. US Administration tried to save its face by saying that it was deliberately spreading confusing and conflicting information to baffle the enemy and it is a common ploy in times of war (Schabner, 2011).. But what enemy are these people talking about? Here was a man accompanied by a couple of his wives, children and grandchildren living in a mansion that did not have any modern means of communication and that man has been killed. So, how enemies of United States would be kept at bay by spreading confusing information on the degree of resistance this man had put up before his death genuinely belies comprehension.

Susana and the Elders

Susanna and the Elders On my trip to the Norton Simon Museum, a painting labeled Susanna and the Elders, Flemish women Jan Massys, really stood out to me. The specifications of this oil on canvas work of art are 42 x 77-1/2 in. (106. 7 x 196. 9 cm). The painting was made in 1564, during the Renaissance, and portrays an example of the religious tension of that time and reflects the era after the start of the Reformation. My first thought when gazing upon Susanna and the Elders bad things are about to happen; there is two old men hiding behind a planter box and appear to be conspiring an evil plot.These men are dressed in red, which in this case, it must represent last that they are feeling toward Susanna. The focal point is Susanna looking as though she is getting ready for bed or perhaps to take a bath. Also, she is dressed in very nice cloths so appears to be of noble stature. I should also not that she is conntroposto in her posture and the way her cloths fall on to her body. To th e right, there is two women that look as if they are trying to lure her to safety, away from the creepy men behind her. Perhaps they are her loyal servants.This all appears to be taking place in a fancy garden which gives me the idea that she vulnerable in that she is secluded. The men must have planned ahead to sneak up on her out here rather than around other people furthering my suspicion of their cruel intentions. One last thing I noticed was the little statue in the bottom right corner; however, I can’t make much sense of it. I know it means something, but I just don’t get it. If you follow the lines of the stone benches they lead you to a point just beneath Susanna’s head which suggest the use of perspective.The use of lines is evident again when looking at the fine detail in the trees that surround this scene. On, a side note, the tree that the old man is holding on to appears to be minerature in size, as if her is this evil giant. Perhaps this is meant t o symbolize their dominance and her vulnerability. Massys placed the buildings in the background so they are proportional to the balanced figures in the foreground. Also, it looks as if there is use on linear perspective, especially in the stone walls; they look at if they are wrapped around Susanna keeping her safe from these bad men.The light source is coming from the top right of the painting and appears that it is shining directly on to Susana, almost making her this heavenly entity. I think this is a symbol that God will keep her safe from these men. It is a soft light that that allows the colors Massys chose to stand out and add to the chiaroscuro. Though the Chiroscuro is light, Massys makes decent use of it. Susana is lit up signifying that she is pure and innocent and the creepy guys behind the tree are in the shadows giving off the idea that they are evil with malicious intent.The deep blood red that the two guys are wearing is symbolic of their lust for Susanna. Red, I be lieve, sex or passion whether it be good or bad. The gold that Susanna is wearing gives her some authority in the painting and also an angle like presence as gold represents the heavens. The colors seem very realistic and must closely portray what this actual place must have looks like. Everything in the painting looks as if it is overlapping and this adds to the drama. Also, the figures seem to be very strategically placed in the setting.There is Susana in the center, the to evil old men on the left and the maidens on the right giving the scene much balance. It looks as though he may have started from the back of the painting and moved forwads as the object got closer. He probably started with the building in the back and then moved his way up to the human figures. Even though the figures are put fairly close together there is obvious depth. If there wasn’t any perspective in the painting I don’t think it would have depth and would come out rather flat and dull.The pe rception of depth in this work of are seems to be very important in composing the message. The use of color might add some dimension but without depth they would still seem flat and dull. There are many things that suggest motion in this picture. Susanna’s hand is stretched out giving the impression that she is reaching out to them. The maids are pointing at theselves and also where they are going looking as if they are asking Susanna to follow them. They also look rather worried for her safety.The maids are leaning forward while both of their right legs are extended behind them preparing for their next step making a very strong implication that they are walking rather quick. I don’t know if this is just me, but it looks as if the clouds fading into the distance faster than normal perhaps to represent the passing of time and they are golden suggesting the presence of God. I think that the way Massys has the two lurking men staring at Susanna and the two maids looking a t her from the opposite direction make all the characters one.Also their heads all lay on the same plane adding to the composition. The two benches that are on either side of Susanna lead the eye back into the painting so you experience the whole scene. It’s almost as if they are a Ying and Yang; the men want her to do bad things to them and her maids want to protect her and her good name. The creepy looks on these guys’ face give me the impression that they will blackmail the women in to getting what they want from her.Also, unfortunately, they also appear to be powerful men and most likely have the means of doing so rather easily. The look as if perhaps they are part of the clergy somehow, and this ties back to the representation of the corruption going on in this time. Perhaps Massys was Protestant and was trying to convey her view of the Catholic order. Also their heads all lay on the same plane adding to the composition. The two benches that are on either side of Susanna lead the eye back into the painting so you experience the whole scene.

Creative & Critical Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Creative & Critical - Assignment Example plies that literature is significant features in the society with the experiences of the characters in such stories representing the developments in the contemporary society as viewed by the author. The discussion below shows the nature of this relationship by investigating issues of gender, femininity, masculinity and prescribed roles as portrayed in Tickets, please a short story by D. H Lawrence. Set at a time of war, the short story shows different times of wars in a number of contexts. With most of the young and energetic men, fighting in the World War 1 in France a other countries across the world, thus making the society vulnerable and women must take up some of the jobs previously done by men. The key thematic issues in the short story are vengeance, love and sexual war among many others. Gender roles, masculinity, prescribed roles and femininity also come out naturally given the thematic issues the short story analyses. The wartime setting in the short story is effective in showing the struggle that exists between the two sexes in the society. The various thematic issues in the short story are fundamental features that exist in the contemporary society. The development of democracies has enhanced the activities of proponents of gender equality and feminists. The society is currently liberal with women enjoying the same political, social and economic space. As such, gender roles have changed with women taking part in activities considered masculine. This implies that issues of femininity, prescribed roles and masculinity have changed. D. H. Lawrence captures the issues systematically in his novel a feature that makes it easy to compare his thematic issues to the developments in the contemporary society. Annie Stone and a group of numerous other girls are working as conductors in trains, which then became only and reliable mode of transport in the country. Their job is crucial since they keep the country moving. The women work hard in an unfamiliar

Auditing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Auditing - Assignment Example I will ask my client to include a statement in the client representation letter stating that all the minutes have been provided. The letter of representation directs that it is the responsibility of management to provide all statements and that management statement to the auditor during the audit process, are true for instance information regarding a subsequent event occurring. Increment in the annual dividend from USD 32 to USD 36, as an auditor I will ascertain that the calculation based on this increament is true and that it was paid to shareholders on April 25, 2011. The amount of money reflected in the financial statement paid to shareholders as dividend should also be verified by the auditor. Approval of increased budget for 2011 administrative expenses of $ 1m to open offices in the Portland area, As an auditor I should ask for reasons of acquiring the new offices, whether it’s for the company usage, rental purpose or for individuals in the company. The auditor has to be informed of the expected rise in administrative expenses. The proposed acquisition of one of Tetonic smaller competitor he auditor should be in a position to know how far the negotiations have gone and be in a position to identify any financial commitments to the merger or acquisitions of the companies since every stakeholder has to be given the information concerning the status of the company. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): As an Auditor the issue has to be taken seriously since it has both internal and external effects and can therefore influence the financial position of the company since dust has got an effect on people in terms of health and that the company will be compensating the victims, so the auditor should update the stakeholders in consultation with the management and legal counsel. The Auditor should take keen interest

Justice Systems of the World Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Justice Systems of the World - Research Paper Example According to (Frank, 1948) the fundamentals of modern judicial systems were developed and employed in the 18th century when James Medison held a meeting with governmental officials in Philadelphia. The meeting was summoned in order to devise a system that can control the growing number of crimes at that time. In those days several sorts of courts were operating. But, they were responsible for maintaining law and order in a specific locality and therefore it was difficult for the officials to apprehend criminals who manage to cross the borders of the State against which they have committed a crime because it was somehow possible at that time that any State would not consider an act as a crime that another take as a serious offense. The above mentioned problem was solved by the meeting which constituted an integrative model of justice system that unified the crime definition and punishment standards in the majority of the States. Over time, several States in the US eliminated death sen tence and replaced it with a life sentence whereas very few of the localities retained the death penalty one of those is Florida. Important types of judicial systems are discussed as follows:- Civil Law This type of law is designed to govern trade activities in the country whereas it is supposed to minimize corruption, kickbacks and financial black mailing in a certain economy (Ramseyer & Rasmusen, 1997). The Civil law cannot send a person to death rather than it can impose imprisonment and fines on corporations and their managers. Common Law This typology of legal stature is believed to be more competent in terms of maintaining law and order because almost every nation in the world follows them. They are also considered as traditions (Rubin, 1977) which are being transferred from generation to generation. Moreover, they are effectively implemented across the world. Theological Law This stream of legal traditions is known to be developed in the light of religious teachings. The religious groups that exceedingly use these kinds of laws include Christians, Muslims and Jews (Lee, 1995). But, nowadays the religious laws are placed on back-burner and evidence based investigatio ns, convictions and punishments are presently being promoted in the global legal arena. Criminal Law This law has been designed to control and manage crimes that are committed with an intention to partially or completely destroy one’s private property. In addition, criminal law helps the State in prosecuting people with charge of murder, terrorism, domestic violence and many other crimes

Externalities Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Externalities - Research Paper Example They can also be referred to as the spill-over effects in the economy. Negative externalities results social costs to the society exceeding the private costs while positive externalities results in social benefits exceeding the private benefits. A case of negative externality can be illustrated by the graph shown below. Externalities and their solutions Air pollution is one of the major forms of negative externality. It arises from the burning of fossil fuels. Smoke from motor vehicles results to negative effects on the health of the road users leading to cancerous infections. The owners of the motor vehicles do not bear the cost of medical treatment to those affected. Smoke from cigarettes imposes a cost on the non-smokers who have to bear the cost of treating diseases due to smoke. This form of externality can be mitigated through the imposition of taxes commonly known as Pigovian tax which is usually set at a figure close to the cost of that externality. However this has a challen ge in determining the actual amount of tax to be imposed (Papandreou, 1998). The tax is also applied in anon progressive manner which makes it less equitable. Some firms are forced to pay more than what they are supposed to pay in actual terms. Finally it may not be social optimal by the fact that some firms may layoff their employees so as to meet the cost of taxation. Due to these weaknesses of taxation, it is not emphasized by the government but instead a lot of emphasis is made on regulation. The government regulates the amount of production and consumption leading to externalities. This can be in form of quantity regulation in which the government can force the firms to produce the socially efficient quantity instead of taxing it forcing the firm to internalize the cost of the externality. Carbon emissions are another form of negative externality. Carbon emission from firms pollutes the surrounding environment resulting to an increase in social costs accruing to the third parti es and it also forms part of greenhouses gases that promote global warming. Negative changes in the environment due to climatic condition variations can be attributed to carbon dioxide emissions. Coase Theorem provides a means by which this externality can be controlled; it lays emphasis on the need to have externalities internalized by the firms that produce them if the form of tradable emission permits. The theorem however has some limitations such as the free rider problem in which some agents can enjoy the benefits of a free environment without contributing towards it. It tends to work best in situations where externalities are not global but are in existence in a smaller context. Use of carbon trading provides a means of is to create a means putting a price on carbon emission. Thus it assists in internalizing environmental costs of firm and results in lower emissions. The government may also levy fees on each unit of pollutants that is being emitted into the surrounding environ ment. Setting emission standards provides a means of limiting the amount of pollutants emerging from a firm. Another form of negative externality is water pollution which results in the death of aquatic life as well as having some negative effects on the environment. Industrial effluents emitted by firms into major water bodies causes disease outbreaks. Acidic rain which is caused by water pollution brings about deforestation thus causing serious environmental degradation. Household water

Strengths and weaknesses of direct legislation Essay

Strengths and weaknesses of direct legislation - Essay Example Direct legislation is a political process in which the people can vote to effect changes in the socio-economic and political policies without governments say (Little and David 43). It entails referendum, Plebiscite and initiative. One of its strengths is that it helps in establishing policies that represents the desire of the majority. While political representatives can be influenced to sacrifice the people for vested interest, direct legislature ensure that limited external forces distract the electorate from participating in their course. One of the greatest weaknesses of this system is that it is costly and time consuming as civil education needs to be done. It is also vulnerable to indirect political influence as the voters may be induced to take misinformed decision. A comparative analysis of this legislature and professional legislature shows significant differences in terms of cost, staff size and level of commitment. In professional legislature, a member takes the work as fu ll time job. It differs from civilian legislature in which members serve on part time basis while holding other assignments (Little and David 67). Professional legislature investigates critical issues affecting the society and put them within the political debate process. It is comparative cheaper than direct legislature as it requires little time and faster decision making. Although some States in United States use either direct legislature or professional, hybrid is the best in which is a blend of the two are variably used.

John lewis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

John lewis - Essay Example Through analysis it is found that there are only three to four factors that distinguish the market winners from the market qualifiers. Whereas in case of market qualifiers there are eight to nine factors. The market qualifiers and the market winners are also analysed with the different types of customer segments. The analysis indicates that customers who are considered as premium class are found to favour more the factors which are related to aspects aesthetic of the products, their quality, reliability and other factors like durability and serviceability. The analyses of the operational aspects indicate other processing time of the requests, there are as no other issues. Due to significantly long processing time the company is losing the loyal customers. This is the same reason for which the company is incurring significantly high cost per lead in the case of standard customers. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Analysis of the strategic and operational issues 6 Analysis of the strat egic issues 6 Analysis of the operational issues 10 Service delivery system used by John Lewis 10 Infrastructure used 11 Support to the market 12 Findings and conclusions 13 Reference List 14 Introduction John Lewis is a departmental store situated in London. ... Table 1: Market capitalization AEON Stores (Hong Kong) 3.82B Allied Consolidated Ltd 1.44M Alon Blue Square Israel Ltd 261.18M Arcandor AG 2.52M Arunjyoti Enterprises Ltd. 48.01M Ashley (Laura) Holdings PLC 18.13B Ashley (Laura) Holdings PLC NA Beale PLC 236.04M Belk Inc. 2.03B Bombay Swadeshi Stores Ltd. 99.16M Bon-Ton Stores Inc. 408.91M Briscoe Group Limited 519.58M C.P. Lotus Corporation 4.22B Century Ginwa Retail 2.23B China Resources NA China Seven Star Shopping Ltd. 175.87M China Seven Star Shopping Ltd. NA Convenience Retail Asia Ltd. NA David Jones Limited 1.31B David Jones Limited NA John Lewis 2.5B Source: (Chrol, 2011) The above table indicates that these are the major competitors of John Lewis. The major competitors are chosen on the basis of the size of the competitors. The competitors denoted above have more or less the same size in terms of asset. John Lewis serves to wide range of customers. The different types of customers and their respective percentages are repres ented in the graph below. The types of customers are denoted by the types of products and types of services. Fig 2: Division of customer segment Source: (Bajaj, 2001) The customer segment is denoted with 7 different segments. The highest number of factors is found across the electrical appliances sector due the fact that the data are taken from the quarterly sales. Due to non-availability of the sales figures for the different types of products and services on an annual basis, only the quarterly sales figures are considered. Analysis of the strategic and operational issues The strategic issues of the operations of John Lewis are analysed by identifying the customers and the market supplied by the

The property rights of China and America economics Research Paper

The property rights of China and America economics - Research Paper Example In the current highly competitive business environment, business entities are going to great lengths to establish and protect particular niches in the market. The main aim for this is to enhance optimal performance and maintain a desirable and economically rewarding competitive edge. On a larger scale, countries are taking initiatives to ensure that their economic development and growth maintains an upward growth. Relative measures towards the attainment of this goal are all encompassing and reflective of the social and economic trends across the globe. They range from formulation of policies and regulations that enhance economic growth to establishment of trade relations with countries whose economic performance is stable. Besides optimizing profits, the main aim of such relations includes safeguarding the overall wellbeing of the populations. From an ethical view point, the efforts of such countries are morally acceptable. This is especially because of their need to enhance the standards of living of the majority of their populations. Nonetheless, it is worth appreciating that certain initiatives have adverse impacts on the wellbeing of the global economy. This is because the negative implications undermine the economic performance of other countries. In this regard, it is worth appreciating that countries do not exist in a vacuum. Globalization trends have triggered the establishment and maintenance of relations between countries. All these are geared towards enhancing the flow of goods, people, products and information. The fact that the USA and China have had close economic ties over time cannot be overstated. The two nations have varying potentials with respect to economic production. They venture in different fields and aim at producing ideal products that would enable them to perform competitively in the global market. For this reason, America and China established viable trade as well as diplomatic relations (The United States International Trade Commission, 32). Examples of these include total US-China Trade that was signed in 1979 and Mutual-most-favored-nation treatment of 1980. Undoubtedly, these institutions enhanced economic and specifically trade operations between the two countries. With the relative viable environment, they were able to import and export products with ease. Historical evidence indicates that China has always focused on reducing the production costs and thus enhancing the purchasing power of its citizens. The US importers benefited significantly from this because they w ere able to get Chinese products at a lower price. Likewise, this enabled America to improve the living standards of its population as well as general wellbeing. This is because it was able to cut the costs that were associated with production. As a result, it provided its population with consumer products at cheaper prices. However, this had adverse impacts on the performance of local industries. In essence, it compromised local production and instead boosted the economic performance of Chinese industries form which the relative products were sourced. In addition, this practice greatly undermined the quality of products offered in the market for American consumption. This is because the raw materials employed in their production were relatively low. China has also invested significantly in the US economy. In particular, it has explored foreign direct investment and a host of other non bond investments. Thus the economic relationship between the two countries is considered to be mut ually benefiting. An evaluation of the economic wellbeing of China however indicates that it has benefited the most from the relations that it has

Employee perception on suggestion scheme Essay Example for Free

Employee perception on suggestion scheme Essay Introduction:- Suggestion scheme is a formalized mechanism which encourages employees to contribute constructive ideas for improving the organisation in which they work. The overall aim is to gather, analyse and implement ideas in order to create results that have a positive impact on the business and/or deliver new value to customers. There are two approaches to the suggestion scheme * Traditional approach-which offers cash to their employees for the suggestions they provide. * Participative approach-continuous improvement in employee job profile through higher level of participation. SCREENING OF THE SUGGESTION Every suggestion is evaluated as per the criteria adaptability, creativity, originality and efforts, taken by the suggestor/employee. The amount of award is indicated with proper calculation and understanding of committee. If there is rejection then similar remark is indicated. Generally award is given when the suggestion is implemented. However if the suggestions are accepted and the course of implementation is longer, then interim award is given to the suggestor/employee to keep up his moral. In the same format other information regarding the implementing is indicated. A certificate is given to the suggestor/employee when the suggestion is accepted. This is signed by the chairman of the scheme or some top/ respectable person in the organization. In the good cultured company there is practice of giving a certificate of appreciation to the suggestor/employee even if it gets rejected. Often it carries good value to the suggestor/employee. It is more than money for some of them. Objective:- Primary objective:- * To understand employee suggestion scheme. Secondary objective:- * To analyse effective implementation of suggestions availed by employees. * To interpret initialisation in the part of management in processing the provided suggestions. * To measure employee-superior relationship and support. * To integrate creativity and constructive aptitude and attitude in non-personnel employees. * To set up a management infrastructure to generate ideas, evaluate and capture quality ideas and sustain constant flow of ideas.

Principles and Practices of Management Essay Example for Free

Principles and Practices of Management Essay Planning is the determination of the course of the objectives of a business, division or department to achieve maximum profit effectiveness, the establishment of policies and the continuous seeking and finding of new ways to do things. Implementing applies to the doing phases. After plans have been prepared, personnel must be selected and assigned their jobs; they must be trained and motivated to perform properly. Activities must be implemented in terms of the plans initially developed. This may include I. Selecting personnel II. Training personnel III. Motivating personnel IV. Delegation, V. Direction VI. Coordinating. Controlling refers to the evaluation of the performance of those who are responsible for executing the plans agreed upon. This may include: I. Controlling adherence to plans, and II. Appraising performance 2. Principles of Management Fayol has given fourteen principles of management. These principles are as fallows 1. Division of work: Fayol has advocated division of work to take the advantage of specialization. According to him, ‘specialization belongs to the natural order. The worker always works on the same matters, the manager concerned always with the same matters; acquire an ability, sureness, and accuracy, which increase their output’. Each change of work brings in it training and adaptation, which reduces output. Thus, division of work can be applied at all levels in the organization. However, he has recognized the limitations of division of work and has advocated that experience and sense of proportion will decide the extent to which division of work can be utilized fruitfully. 2. Authority and Responsibility: The authority and responsibility are related, with the latter the corollary of the former and arising from the former. He finds authority as a continuation of official and personnel factors. Official authority is derived from the manager’s position and personal authority is derived from intelligence, experience, moral worth, past services, etc. Responsibility arises out of assigning the work. 3. Discipline: All the personnel serving in the organization should be disciplined. Discipline is obedience, application, energy, behavior, and outward mark of respect shown by employees. Discipline can be classified into two types: self-imposed discipline and command discipline. The former springs form within the individual and are in the nature of spontaneous response to a skillful leader. Command discipline stems from a recognized authority and utilizes deterrents to secure compliance with a desired action, which is expressed by established customs, rules, and regulations. The ultimate strength of command discipline lies in its certainty of application. 4. Unity of command: Unity of command means a person in the organization should receive orders from only one superior. The more completely an individual has a reporting relationship to a single superior, the less the problem of conflict in instructions and the greater the feeling of personal responsibility for results. The principle of unity of command Is useful in the clarification of authority-responsibility relationship. 5. Unity of Direction Unity of direction means ‘one unit and one plan’. According to this principle, each group of activities with same objectives with same objective must have one head and one plan. The unity of direction is different from unity of command in the sense that former is concerned with the functioning of body corporate; the latter is concerned with personnel at all level. Unity of direction is provided for by sound organization of the body corporate, unity of command turn on the functioning of the personnel. Unity of command exists without unity of direction, but does not flow from it. 6. Subordination of individual to general interest: Command interest is above the individual interest and when there is conflict between these two, the common interest must prevail. However, factors like ambition, laziness, weakness etc. tend to reduce the importance of general interest. 7. Remuneration of Personnel: Remuneration and methods of payment should be fair and provide maximum possible satisfaction to employees and employers. 8. Centralization: Everything, which goes to increase the importance of the subordinate’s role, is decentralization; everything, which goes to reduce it, is centralization. Without using the term ‘centralization of authority’. This pattern is determined by individual circumstances and should be based on optimum utilization of all faculties of the personnel. 9. Scalar Chain: There should be a scalar chain of authority and communication ranging from the highest to lowest positions. It suggests that each communication going up or coming down must flow through each position in the line of authority. It can be short-circuited only in special circumstances when its rigid following would be determined to the organization. For this purpose, Fayol has suggested ‘gang palnk’ , which is used to prevent the scalar chain from bogging down action. 10. Order: Both material order and social order are necessary. The former minimizes lost time and useless handling of materials. The latter is achieved through organization and selection. 11. Equity: In running a business a combination of kindliness and justice is needed. Treating employees well is important to achieve equity. 12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel: Employees work better if job security and career progress are assured to them. An insecure tenure and a high rate of employee turnover will affect the organization adversely. 13. Initiative: Allowing all personnel to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization. Even though it may well involve a sacrifice of personnel vanity on the part of many managers. 14. Espirt de Corps: Management must foster the morale of its employees. â€Å"Real talent is needed the coordinate effort, encourage keenness, use each person’s abilities and reward each one’s merit without arousing possible jealousness and disturbing harmonious relations†. Techniques of Effective Coordination The basic objective of all managerial functions is to get things done by coordinated efforts of others. Thus, every function leads to coordination. However, following are the specific techniques for achieving coordination: Coordination by Chain of Command: In an organization, the chain of command is the most important methods of coordination. Superior, because of his organizational position, has the authority to issue orders and instructions to his subordinates. Weber has indicated that in a controlled administration coordination is achieved. Coordination by Leadership: Leadership brings individual motivation and persuades the group to have identified of interests and outlook in group efforts. Ordway Tead has stated that top management should practice leadership because without it, no coordination can be achieved. In fact, whatever is necessary for effective leadership is also required for coordination. Coordination by Effective Communication: Communication helps to developing understanding between individuals or groups among whom coordination is to be achieved. Through communication, every person understands his scope and limits of functioning, authority and responsibility, and relationship with others. Thus, effective communication provides horizontal as well as vertical coordination if there is free and adequate flow of communication in all directions.-horizontal, vertical, upward and downward. Communication to be effective does not require only a communication network but to keep the network free from any barrier, which effects flow of messages adversely. Coordination by Committees: Committees are the body of persons entrusted with discharging some functions collectively as group. Some committees have the authority to take decisions and others make recommendations only. The decisions of the committees are group decisions and the persons whose departments are affected by decisions generally constitute the committees. Thus the decisions themselves provide coordination among various functions of the organization. Coordination by General Staff: Generally, in big organizations there is general staff meant for  coordination. This staff employs a central position in communication network. All the heads of departments and sections send the various information to this center. This center stores the information and sends to various departments’ only relevant and related information. This center, because of its specialized knowledge, is able to assess the relevance and need of various information for a department. Thus, the coordination is achieved by supplying inter-departmental information. Special Coordinators: In some organizations, special coordinators are appointed for coordinating some special activities. For example, in a particular project, along with various functionaries, a project coordinator is appointed. His basic function is to coordinate various activities of the project and to keep information about the development of project so that he can provide it to the party concerned for which the project Is being completed. Such projects are generally taken on contract basis which are to be completed within the specified time. Self-coordination: This principles states that a particular department affects other departments and in turn is affected by them. However, this department has no control over others. In such a case, if other departments modify their actions in such a way that this affects the particular department favorably, self-coordination is achieved. This requires effective communication across the department so that they are able to appreciate the functioning of related departments. However, this method is not free from limitations and shortcomings, and in the organization, favorable climate and environment need to be created for self-control. Features of an Open Door Organization 1) An open door organization is task oriented. The accountability is clearly defined. 2) The authority (within the related functional area) is also absolute (or nearly so) matching the absolute character of the accountability. 3) Consultations are minimum and are not compulsive; the executive is free to consult and communicate (or otherwise) so long as he performs and delivers the objective. 4) Rules and procedures exist but only as guides-the executives (within their sphere of responsibilities)  having wide freedom of discretion to depart from the rules within the periphery of the broad corporate policies. 5) The accountability is clear-cut; objective is verifiable – in terms of cost, output target, time and profit. The means are (relatively) unimportant so long as the end is achieved. 6) The managerial behavior is highly flexible bending with lithe suppleness to the internal shifts in conditions and external maneuvers of the environmental zone of contract.

Role Of Endorsers In Advertising Cultural Studies Essay

Role Of Endorsers In Advertising Cultural Studies Essay Perhaps most important role, an endorser must match up well with the endorsed brands (Shimp, 2003). As images of the personalities become related with products through endorsement, the meanings they attach to the products are conveyed to consumers through purchase and consumption (McCracken, 1989). Therefore, the practice of celebrity endorsement should be very much associated to the cultural perspective in which the images of celebrities are created and individual celebrities are selected to be linked with particular products. Studies outlined by Till and Busler (2000) suggest that the celebrity or product fit, also known as the match-up hypothesis, refers to the harmony of the match connecting the product being endorsed and the personality endorser. In addition to that, Shimp (2003) further states that there are 2 types of match-up, which are audience match up, where it deals with the endorsed brands target market along with brand match up, where celebritys values and decorum must be compatible with the image desired for the advertised brand. Product fit is thought to function as a main determinant of endorsement success (Friedman Friedman 1979; Kahle and Homer 1985; Erdogan et al. 2001; Batra and Homer 2004) although celebrity effectiveness does vary across different product types. Friedman and Friedman (1979) concluded that the better the celebrity or product fit, as professed by consumers, the higher the level of endorsement value. Nevertheless, Till and Busler (2000) argue that celebrity or product fit was effective for only certain measures of effectiveness such as brand attitude, but not for other measures such as purchase intention. Despite of the impact celebrity/product fit has on effectiveness Till and Busler (2000) c onsidered this factor should play a significant role in celebrity endorser usefulness. 4.0 CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT AND ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS 4.1 Factors / reasons Pickton and Broderick (2005) and Kelman (1998) considered 3 type of source attributes that are source credibility, attractiveness and expertness, where he believe may influence the recipients attitude which may explain why celebrity endorsement can be used as an advert tool. Erdogan (1999) also agreed with the theory and its positive consequence on the audiences reception to the conveyed message. According to him, the source is the person who is conveying a message to an audience. The Source Credibility Model In the context of celebrity endorsement, O Mahony and Meenaghan (1998) claim that credibility relates to the target audiences perception of the celebrity having sufficient knowledge or experience to provide accurate. The model contends that the effectiveness of a message depends on the perceived level expertise and trustworthiness in an endorser (Hovland et al. 1953). Consequently, the more favorably consumers assess the expertise and trustworthiness of a celebrity endorser, the more likely the celebrity is to be regarded as a reliable source of information on the product and thus the better the brand he/she endorses is represented (Ohanian, 1990). According to Belch and Belch (1998) spokesperson are regularly chosen because of their knowledge, experience and expertise in a particular product or service area. The importance of using expert sources was also shown in a study by Ohanian (1991), who found that the perceived capability of celebrity endorsers was more essential in explaining purchase intentions. Ohanian further states, endorsers are most useful when they are experienced, knowledgeable and qualified to talk about the product. In addition to that, while expertise is important, the target audience must also find the endorsers believable. Trustworthiness as define by Tellis (2004) is the willingness of the source to make true claims. The research conducted by Miller and Baseheart (1969) established that consumer behavior is openly related to the confidence they put in expert endorsers. The Source Attractiveness Model Another equally important attribute of the source of celebrity endorsement is its attractiveness. Langmeyer and Shank (1994) maintain that the concept of source attractiveness is not limited to good looks only, but also encompasses such non-physical characteristics as, for example, abilities in sports, grace, tact, charisma or intelligence. The theory is agreed by Shimp (2001) where he also affirmed that attractiveness multifaceted and does not include just physical attractiveness. The Meaning Transfer Model Unlike the Source Models, this theory proposed by Grant McCracken in 1989 contends that credibility and attractiveness do not sufficiently explain why celebrity endorsement works. According to this model, endorser effectiveness depends on the culturally acquired meanings he or she brings which may includes status, career, gender as well as personality and lifestyle. For example, from the celebrity athlete perspective, Roger Federer is publicly recognized from his career in the sporting arena since this is where he became known to the public. Martin (1996) concludes in effect the athlete becomes synonymous with the sport and the meanings become a part of the celebrity athletes image. Next, for the second stage, McCracken suggests endorsers will bring their meanings into the ad and transfer them to the product they are endorsing. Thus people evaluations of the celebrity endorsement, the measure of interest in this research occur when the advertisement is viewed by consumer. In the final stage, the meanings has given to the product are transferred to the consumer. As stated by McCracken (1989), this stage positively shows the importance of the consumers role in the process of endorsing brands with celebrities although Belch and Belch (1998) arguably said that this stage is complicated and difficult to achieve. 4.2 The timing According to Tellis (2004), the source credibility theory is most relevant for explaining the role of experts, while the source attractiveness is applicable in the case of lay endorses like fictitious individuals or characters. Furthermore, both Tellis (2004) and McCracken (1989), indicates that the meaning transfer theory suits the use of celebrities as endorsers, as it provides an insightful framework for using the complexity of meanings associated with celebrities. Celebrity endorsement is best used during the maturity phase of a life cycle (Anon, 2004). Promotion and advertising transfers from the scope of having new customers, to the extent of product differentiation in terms of reliability and quality. During this phase new brands are launched even when they compete with competitors, thus this is when celebrity endorsement can take place. Although, the use of celebrity endorsers is prevalent in advertising, however it is not without risk (Shimp and Till, 1998). When a company decides to use a celebrity, they should consider major factors ( Shimp, 2001 and Belch and Belch, 1998) as the timing might be in appropriate for an endorsement: Overexposure If a celebrity is overexposed, that is endorsing too many brands, his or her credibility may suffer ( Tripp et al. 1994). David Beckham, for example, may be somewhat overexposed. Cost consideration How much to acquire a celebrity`s services is an important consideration and unfortunately, it is not a simple calculation as it is difficult to project the revenue stream ( Belch and Belch, 1998). The Trouble factor As noted by Shimp (2001) celebrity behavior may pose a risk to a company. For example Gatorade had to drop Tiger Woods as its endorser due to the recent incidents. Target audience receptivity A study by Horowitz ( 2002),found that college-age students were more prone to have a positive attitude towards a product endorsed by a celebrity than were older consumers. This is supported by Belch and Belch (2001) where they indicates that this is because older consumers are more knowledgeable and has strongly established attitudes. 5.0 CONCLUSION This literature review aims to provide the assessment on the use of celebrity spokespersons in advertising to endorse brands. Through the findings the purchase intentions of consumers are closely related to the credibility of a celebrity endorser used in an advertisement, their perceptions of expertise of a celebrity endorser, the attractiveness and popularity of the latter as well as celebrity-product mix-match. However, as several failures show, it is essential for advertisers to be aware of the complex processes underlying celebrity endorsement, by gaining an understanding of the described concepts of source attractiveness and credibility, match-up analysis, and meaning transfer model. Further research efforts must be taken into consideration to develop a consistent, extensive and user-friendly tool to avoid wrong decisions and enhance the strategic quality of endorser decisions. Figure 1: Meaning transfer in the endorsement process (Adapted from McCracken 1989) Figure 2: The Five Components in the TEARS Model of Endorser Attributes

The Pros and Cons of Communism :: Communism Essays

Communism: How Bad Can It Be? Everybody in my class liked Mr. Debenedetto the social studies teacher. He barely gave homework and class was fun. Who would not like him? This was one of the few classes for me to be listening intently. I was interested in the topic we were currently studying: communism. We were discussing about how America was always against communism whether it be the Vietnam War or the Cold War. At that time I did not know the true meaning of communism. The textbook definitions were always wordy and confusing. What does â€Å"a theory or system of social organization based on the holdings of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state† (dictionary.reference.com/browse/communism) suppose to mean? In addition, I recall a conversation with my dad. I had asked him, â€Å"Why is communism so bad?† He responded by saying, â€Å"Don’t be stupid. Who told you that? If communism is so bad, why is China so successful nowadays? Did you know that China lends money to America?† Even to this day, I keep thinking about his comment. Who started the idea of communism? What is a communistic society like? Why does America think it is so bad? Through researching, I hope to answer these questions and others that may pop up. My history teacher, Ms. Shuman, while discussing communism, said that China is not meant to be any other type of government: â€Å"A county with that many people can’t be a democracy; the population will not be controlled. China is fit to be communistic.† Obviously, before trying to find out if communism is bad, I have to find out what communism is. To find general information on communism, I browsed the Internet and found a Website on political ideas. A pure communism society would involve everyone sharing everything equally and everybody providing a service for others (www.allaboutphilosophy.org/communism.htm) So from this a new question arose: If countries are trying to be communism, then why is it so bad? Looking for general information on the history of communism, I went to my local library. The librarian looked into the database and found only two books. One of which, Communism by Nigel Ritchie, I thought was going to be an easy read since it was a picture book. However my intuition was wrong. The book gave me a lot of information on communism’s history, but there were so many political words that I needed to look up such as socialism and capitalism.

Epic of Beowulf Essay - Beowulf as the Ultimate Hero :: Epic Beowulf herobeo

Beowulf as the Ultimate Hero In the poem Beowulf, translated by Constance B. Hieatt, Beowulf is a hero. A hero is one who places himself or herself at great risk while performing acts of courage. Not only is Beowulf a hero because of his physical strength, but rather than basking in the resulting glory, he gives the glory to God. Beowulf is the ultimate hero who put his life on the line for an entire kingdom. Beowulf's heroism can be seen when he takes 14 of the bravest in his land to go help Hrothgar. Hrothgar was Beowulf's father's close friend who had been plagued by attacks for twelve years that threatened an entire kingdom. Beowulf did not have to offer Hrothgar's kingdom help, but does so because he wants to uses his God given strength to the best of his ability. As soon as Beowulf heard of the troubles in this land he set sail immediately. Beowulf continues to show his thankfulness by thanking God for giving them safe travel across the sea. Beowulf is lead to Hrothgar and offers him is "services." "-Now sit down to the feast, and, in due time, listen to lays of warriors' victories, as your heart may prompt you. (15) Beowulf is asked by the warriors to tell of his past defeats while eating in Hrothgar's palace. Beowulf is already a hero to the people of this land for he is about to rid them of their enemy. The warriors are anxious to here what he has done and what he plans to do to Grendel. Here Beowulf "puts on his running shoes" and runs through his battle plan mentally just as any great athlete would do before a big meet. As the Banquet continues, Hrothgar thanks Beowulf, and promises him great treasure if he succeeds in defeating Grendel. As an ultimate hero, Beowulf decides, to be far, he will not use weapons in his battle against Grendel since Grendel reputedly does not use them. "I do not consider myself a lesser fighter than Grendel does himself; therefore I will not kill him with a sword, and deprive him of life in that way....No: this night we two will abstain from swords.

M-16 :: essays research papers

The development of the M16 rifle began with the research conducted at John Hopkins University in September of 1955. Research was conducted to question infantrymen, who fought in Korea, about their battle experiences as they pertain to firing their weapon. It was found that 95% of their firing was within 300 yards. Also, there were just as many lethal hits from un-aimed shoots as from aimed ones (it so happens that most of the interviewed were soldiers of the US Army, which may explain the inaccuracy). This information led the military to the conclusion that a .22 caliber rifle capable of selective fire would be most conducive to current battle tactics. The small caliber provides more control, and selective fire would enable a soldier to better control their RPM. With this information the military went to Eugene Stoner, a Marine Corps Veteran who started to design rifles after being decommissioned, and asked him if he was interested in designing a weapon based on their research. This was one of the better decisions that Uncle Sam made; get a Marine to make a rifle that even Army boys can shoot. The requirements for the new weapon were that it had to weight less than 6 pounds loaded, it had to be a .22 caliber, it had to be selective fire capable and it had to be able to penetrate a steel helmet out to 500 meters. The rifle the military was using up to that date, the M14, was a heavy, .308 caliber, selective fire capable rifle. The benefits of a large caliber like the .308 NATO, which are longer range and greater penetration, were no,longer needed for close combat. The rifle has actually some major disadvantages (other than the fact that it weighed about as much as a bicycle). Due to its large caliber, when fired in full-automatic mode, the rifle recoils so much, that only the first one or two bullets hit the target. Secondly, the large caliber means that the ammunition itself is quite heavy and large compared to an M16 round. This proved to be very heavy for the individual carrying the weapon. Its large size and heavy weight make it difficult for soldiers to use during combat situations. The M-14 isn’t all bad, though, it could literally blow somone’s head off, if you could hit him. It was very popular among soldiers due to its great reliability, It could be compared to an old t ruck; loud, powerful, but damn hard to live with.

Having Suffered A Heart Attack Health And Social Care Essay

This assignment ‘s purpose is, to give the reader a really precise apprehension of the medical journey, a male platinum aged 55 old ages of age named Matthew will travel through, after holding suffered a bosom onslaught ( acute myocardial infarction ) . That was diagnosed in infirmary five hours post patient ‘s initial symptoms while exigency intervention was being implemented. Information both via household and from medical professionals in respects to the platinum ‘s life style and the platinum ‘s consequences to allow medical appraisals, usher and find the way the platinum will medically venture down, towards recovery. Much of the information gathered about the platinum ‘s history will be subjective informations ; this significance information peculiar to our peculiar person that may or may non hold a bearing due to the exactitude, preciseness and proved current cogency ; the information is from the topic or topics household. Still the information mus t be considered. There will besides be information known as nonsubjective informations, intending information that is besides specific to the patient, but more precise, factual, mensurable, not opinionated and demonstrable from professionals in the medical field. The subject of pathophysiology will be explored in several facets associating to the platinum and giving ground to the platinum ‘s physical status and recent marks and symptoms. Management of the patient and his status, by single wellness attention professional ‘s and as collaborative squads and or squad in a holistic mode will be outlined and discussed. Finally of class the pharmacological sector of the platinum ‘s intervention will be delved into, to bespeak the rule characteristics and maps and possible side effects of medicines he was and may be prescribed. The subject of this assignment is highly of import and really relevant due to the current medical tendencies we have in Australia sing coronary art eria disease ( CAD ) , which is incorporated within cardio vascular disease ( CVD ) . â€Å" Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) A is the taking cause of decease in Australia, accounting for 34 % of all deceases in Australia inA 2006. Cardiovascular disease kills one Australian about every 10 proceedingss. † . † ( Heart Foundation of Australia 30/05/09 ) . â€Å" It is estimated that about 4 % of the population over 45 old ages have chronic HF [ Heart Failure ] . Cardiovascular disease is one of the chief causes of decease in both Australia and New Zealand, the incidence dramatically increases with progressing age and, as the aged population additions, HF incidence and prevalence will increase. HF histories for about 2 % of all deceases and is the 3rd largest cause of cardiovascular-related decease. The life-time hazard of developing HF has been estimated at around 20 % for Western states. The addition in prevalence of HF in Australia and New Zealand has been attributed to the ripening of the population, improved endurance from bosom onslaught, and the increased prevalence of diabetes and fleshiness in the population and the wider usage of sensitive diagnostic engineering. † ( Brown & A ; Edwards 2ed. 2009 pg 883 )PATHOPHYSIOLOGYIn the bulk of bosom failure state of affairss, the left ventricle non working as it should, Cardio Vascular Disease ( CVD ) . â€Å" Three of the more common causes of reduced LV contractility include coronary arteria disease, aortal stricture and systemic high blood pressure † ( Phipps Sands & A ; Marek 6th ed.1999 pg 700 ) . â€Å" Systolic failure, the most common cause of HF, consequences from an inability of the bosom to pump blood. It is a defect in the ability of the ventricles to contract ( pump ) . The left ventricle ( LV ) loses it ‘s ability to bring forth adequate force per unit area to chuck out blood frontward through the hard-hitting aorta. † ( Brown & A ; Edwards 2ed. 2009 pg 884 ) Co ronary arteria disease lowers the Black Marias ability to contract through being the cause of less oxygenated blood being delivered to the chondriosome of the sarcostyles. In aortal stricture, where there is noticeable narrowing of the aortal lms the left ventricle demands to pump harder to acquire the needed volume of blood through the now limited valve. With systemic high blood pressure, where the overall blood force per unit area is already higher than norm, the left ventricle must supply more force per unit area than this overall blood force per unit area to win in pumping out its volume or at least a valid per centum. What finally happens when the left ventricle can non pump out the needed sum of blood ; is blood staying in the left ventricle causes extra blood to stay in the left atrium besides. The effect of excess blood is blood endorsing up into the pneumonic circulation. All this extra blood increases the force per unit area in the pneumonic capillaries coercing blood into the interstitium so the air sac compromising gaseous exchange. High pneumonic force per unit areas negatively effects the blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs, ensuing in less blood being oxygenated aˆÂ ¦ a barbarous rhythm of deoxygenated blood easy hungering the organic structure of O and taking to an Acute Myocardial Infarction ( AMI ) . The authoritative marks and symptoms that was noticeable with the patient. Was being short of breath and being visible radiation headed after a really small sum of physical activity, which usually the platinum could accomplish without any emphasis. This represents a deficiency of O being circulated finally doing a rise in respiratory rate and visible radiation headedness due to low sums of O to the encephalon. â€Å" Dyspnea, an unnatural uncomfortable consciousness of external respiration, occurs when high pulmonary force per unit areas force fluid out of the pneumonic capillaries into the air sac. The fluid in the air sac interferes with effectual gas exchange. † ( Phipps Sands & A ; Marek 6th ed.1999 pg 702 ) â€Å" Dyspnoea ( shortness of breath ) is a common manifestation of chronic HF. It is caused by increased pneumonic force per unit areas secondary to interstitial and alveolar hydrops. Dyspnoea can happen with mild effort or at remainder † . ( Brown & A ; Edwar ds 2ed. 2009 pg 887 ) It makes sense that Matthew our patient was reported to holding felt nauseous and uncomfortable in his thorax after devouring his dinner. His digestive system would be necessitating oxygenated blood to map and his bosom evidently was non able to provide that. Hence feeling nauseated, due to the lessening in cardiac end product ( CO ) impairing perfusion to critical variety meats such as his tummy and bowels. Pain and or disfunction would be noticeable when the peculiar organ ‘s demands for more oxygenated blood additions. ( Brown & A ; Edwards 2ed. 2009. pg 887 ) An hr subsequently Mathew ‘s symptoms worsen, increasing in badness. His thorax strivings are much worse and are besides radiating down his left arm. â€Å" Heart Failure can precipitate chest hurting because of reduced coronary perfusion from decreased CO and increased myocardial work. Anginal-type hurting may attach to HF. † ( Brown & A ; Edwards 2ed. 2009. pg 888 ) During the execution of exigency interventions, Matthew was diagnosed as holding had an acute myocardial infarction AMI. Information was so gathered both via Matthew his household and via physical medical scrutiny.The information gathered by word of oral cavity through inquiries in interview from Matthew and his household are classified as subjective, of import but ca n't be proven without a shadow of a uncertainty. The information collected via the physical scrutiny is current and can be proven hence classified as aim. Either manner all the information can be categorised as modifiable ( M ) or non modifiable ( NM ) ; mutable or non mutable. The undermentioned appraisal findings are recorded and will now be identified as M or NM. These findings will play a function making the beginnings of a valid attention program. Data is as follows, ‘A history of coronary arteria disease, specifically high blood pressure ‘ This is really of import due to his past being now revisited may give us an thought as to what may hold happened and or a prevue of things yet to come. Data classified as NM because it ca n't be changed, you ca n't alter your yesteryear. ‘States he late stopped taking his antihypertensives as he ‘felt better † . This information decidedly has a bearing because non taking this medicine would raise Matthews blood force per unit area and increase his high blood pressure which in bend additions his Black Marias work load and perchance puting his bosom up to neglect ensuing in AMI. Data classified as M because it can be changed, Matthew could take his medicine. ‘Mother besides has high blood pressure ‘ . Proposing this status being inherited and the particulars of the high blood pressure may be similar, casting visible radiation on what is being dealt wi th by Matthew, perchance salvaging much valuable clip as to the way to be investigated. Data classified NM, because cistrons can non be altered. ‘States he is marginal diabetic ‘ Diabetes – Peoples with diabetes have a two to eight times greater hazard of bosom failure compared to those without diabetes. Womans with the status have a greater hazard of bosom failure than work forces with diabetes. Part of the hazard comes from the disease ‘s association with other bosom failure hazard factors, such as high blood force per unit area, fleshiness, and high cholesterin degrees. The disease procedure besides amendss the bosom musculus. ( Symptoms of bosom disease, n.d. ) Heart failure should, nevertheless, be suspected in anyone presenting with a history of new oncoming weariness, hydrops or shortness of breath. This is peculiarly the instance if the patient has a background of diabetes, chronicrenal damage, ischemic bosom disease, high blood pressure. ( Brady.S, n.d. ) This tells us, if true, that diet will be of paramount importance because diet is an of import direction therapy for both HF and Diabetes. Diet instruction and weight direction are critical to the patient ‘s control of chronic HF. The nurse or dietician should obtain a elaborate diet history, finding non merely what foods the patient chows and when but besides sociocultural value of nutrient. ( Brown & A ; Edwards 2ed. 2009. pg 894 ) Data classified as NM if Matthew is truly without uncertainty diabetic, that ca n't be changed but can be adapted to. ‘Overweight but late lost 5kg ‘ . Because it is, late lost 5 kilogram, it could be as a consequence of him being ailing, but from here onwards his diet will be an indispensable portion of his overall attention program. The diet will hold to be specifically tailored to decrease his fleshiness, and will besides hold to suit his diabetic demands it will likely hold to be low Na low fat and be alert of sugars, to ass ist him in respects to his HF position. Data classified as M, can and must alter. ‘Rarely exercises ‘ detrimental in respects to HF and how he got to where he now is, but his physical activity will hold to be minimised until he is in a healthier place, to so get down remodelling his life style with exercising, ( monitored of class ) , to better his wellness and understate the opportunities of HF re-occurring. Data M aˆÂ ¦very mutable, from inactive to active bit by bit. ‘Has smoked 15-20 cigarettes/day for the past 18 old ages ‘ . This would hold had an inauspicious affect on both Matthews ‘s pneumonic system and cardiovascular system ; smoking deprives the organic structure of O because blood will transport C monoxide in penchant to oxygen plus smoking destroys many of the air sac that absorbs the O for gaseous exchange therefore the lungs are absorbing less O overall for the organic structure, therefore holding damaging consequences on musculuss including the bosom. â€Å" Smoking surcease may non straight cut down BP, but markedly reduces overall cardiovascular hazard. The hazard of myocardial infarction is 2-6 times higher and the hazard of shot is 3 times higher in people who smoke than in non-smokers † ( HeartFoundation.2010 ) .Data M aˆÂ ¦Matthew can be helped to discontinue smoke this is modifiable behavior. ‘Has 3 teenage kids who are doing jobs ‘ This job is a stress direction job, there have been many surveies done, covering this affair and a Psychologist would be the best port of call to assist Mathew cover with this emphasis. â€Å" Family demands chiefly affect lovingness and supplying for kids of married employees. Number of dependent kids is an nonsubjective index of the degree of household demands ( Rothausen, 1999 ) . † ( International Journal of Stress Management 2008 ) Data M this subjective informations can be altered but more specifically can be adapted to by get bying mech anisms being applied aˆÂ ¦ ! ‘Recently experient loss of best friend and concern spouse who died from malignant neoplastic disease ‘ . Besides another emphasis get bying job needed, and would best be suited for a psychologist ‘s expertness. Even though the platinum ‘s nurse would likely hold more contact hours with the platinum aˆÂ ¦this is where wellness attention professionals can join forces, work together as a squad for the platinum ‘s ultimate end, of working better and perchance being discharged. Data M the heartache can be dealt with through a assortment of possible intercessions, so this state of affairs is non inalterable, it is decidedly modifiable. ‘ Oppressing substernal thorax hurting radiating down his left arm and giddiness. Pain mark: 9/10'.This is a text book description of what it feels like to be enduring from an Acute Myocardial Infarction as is described in many pathophysiology texts. â€Å" The hurting typically is terrible and suppression, frequently described as being compressing, smothering or like, â€Å" person sitting on my thorax. † The hurting normally is substernal, radiating to the left arm, cervix, or jaw, although it may be experienced in other countries. Unlike that of angina, the hurting associated with AMI is more drawn-out and non relieved by remainder or nitro-glycerine, and narcotics often are required. † ( Porth.C. 2007 pg 395 ) â€Å" Data M this hurting is a tell narrative that an Acute Myocardial Infarction is in procedure. This hurting is frequently mistaken for dyspepsia and is treated with hydrogen carbonate, alkalizers or even pain slayers which in bend could detain seeking professional medical attending. Siting the individual up with legs lower than the bosom, even swinging the legs may give some alleviation prior to medical attending geting. By understating the Black Marias work load via decreasing venous return. ‘Physical scrutiny ‘ Objec tive information is as follows. Diaphoresis, abruptly of breath and sickness. Diaphoresis [ sudating ] is sometimes due to wound or unnatural cells of the bosom motivating the production of pyrogen. This causes the hypothalamus to react to a higher set point, the hypothalamus initiates heat production behaviors ( shuddering and vasoconstriction ) hence the profuse perspiration, anxiousness the feeling of pending day of reckoning, I am certain plays a function in this excessively. â€Å" Many non-infectious upsets, such as myocardial infarction, pneumonic emboli, and tumor ‘s green goods febrility. † ( Porth.C.2007 pg 288 ) Short of breath or Dyspnea can be because of myocardial infarction oncoming because blood is endorsing up into the pneumonic system and holding an inauspicious consequence on the lungs [ alveoli ] being able to absorb O and interchanging it for C dioxide, which so makes one short of breath because O is low and even C dioxide is low so the trigger to d o one breath is besides non available Dyspnea in this instance is a respiratory manifestation † due to congestion of the pneumonic circulation and is one of the major indicants of left sided bosom failure. † ( Porth.C.2007 pg 426 Nausea is a feeling of unwellness aˆÂ ¦that is sometimes a precursor to purging. â€Å" Perform complete appraisal of sickness, including frequence, continuance, badness, and precipitating factors, to be after appropriate intercessions. † ( Brown & A ; Edwards. 2009. Pg1065 ) â€Å" Nausea often is accompanied by ANS manifestations such as watery salivation and vasoconstriction with pallour, sudating, [ perspiration ] and tachycardia. Nausea may work as an early warning signal of a diseased process. † ( Porth.C. 2007 pg 602 ) . Possibly even an acute myocardial infarction. Diaphoresis, Dyspnea and Nausea are all M, O therapy, cold compress, organic structure positioning i.e. sitting up – pillows support- take downing li mbs and giving antiemetic if ordered ; to modify these symptoms. The implicit in cause of the symptoms will depend on physician diagnosing perchance drug therapy or surgery.BP 165/100 mmHg – Pulse rate 120 beats/min – Respiratory rate 26 breaths/min.Bp is rather high this tells us that the force per unit area is high but the ground could be many, could be that the individual is by and large hypertensive, in the procedure of holding an episode of HF, or on drugs that are doing vasodialation of arterias or rushing up the bosom and many many more possible grounds, the most serious being HF. Pulse rate is besides really high this rate is such you would be anticipating the person to be running non at remainder ; the bosom would merely be working this difficult at rest if there was something incorrect, rather perchance oncoming of HF. Body non having adequate O ; musculuss, major variety meats, including encephalon being starved of O and finally the bosom being a musculus wo uld get down experiencing the effects. Respiratory rate is elevated besides, stand foring the organic structure seeking to do up an O debt. All these symptoms can be minimised and a certain sum of comfort can be achieved, so data classified as M. Through O therapy, stockings, take downing limbs and sitting up. O2 Impregnation: 94 % on room air. Is non improbably low but oxygen therapy via rhinal prongs would decidedly be good at no higher than 4 liters per minute to acquire O2 impregnation over 95 % . So this would be considered modifiable M. Electrocardiogram: A premature ventricular contraction with ST lift in anterior thorax leads V1-V3. Signifies a left front tooth wall myocardial infarction. This could mean that the left anterior falling coronary arteria is occluded

Is Google Making Us Stupid Essay

In the article of â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?†, Nicholas Carr argues that the Internet is changing the way our mind works and has some negative effects on our lives. In the article of â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?†, Nicholas Carr argues that the Internet is changing the way our mind works and has some negative effects on our lives. The article begins with that the Internet is the excellent resource where we can find whatever we want for everything, and we are becoming more and more dependent on it in the field of writing, reading and so on. Afterwards, Carr claims that it has a large distraction on our mind, and we even cannot concentrate on a long reading material. As he said, technology is becoming more important than people. In the end, he also tells us that Google is trying to invent an artificial brain to replace our â€Å"slow† brains that we already have. In the article of â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?†, Nicholas Carr argues that the I nternet is changing the way our mind works and has some negative effects on our lives. He views the idea that the Internet is an obstacle for individuals to think deeply, and it is rebuilding our mind and memory. As Carr said, nowadays, it is so difficult for him to focus on a long paper; instead, he always spends a lot of time on the Internet. In the past, the writers like him should stay in the library to study for several days, but now, because of the Internet, it just takes them a couple of minutes. As Marshall McLuhan, a media theorist argued that although media provided us with a huge number of information and thoughts, it also rebuilt our process of thought. A study of online research habits, done by scholars from University College London, shows that our ways of reading and thinking have a large change. From the study, it is obvious that users are using a new way to read instead of traditional sense: they often do a quick view of titles, contents pages and abstracts to get the information they want rapidly, and they seldom read the same materials twice even though they have already saved them online. According to a developmental psychologist named Maryanne Wolf, when we read on the In ternet, we have lost our ability to understand the article, imagine from the article and think deeply without distraction by ourselves. As a result, we need to train our brains to translate the words we see into the  words we understand. Carr believes that our brains are malleable. Since we had the clock, we had started to schedule our time to eat, to work, to study, to sleep and to wake up by a clock instead of our senses. As the development of the technology, our concentration is being dispersed to much media like TV, the Internet, the mobile phones, e-mails and so on. The Internet’s effect is more than the size of screen, and it seems to be more important than human. As Google declared that they wanted to make information more organized and convenient so that we can use them anytime and anywhere. Afterwards, we will â€Å"absorb† more and more resources faster and faster, and everyone will be a thinker. Indeed, Google makes our life simple. Nonetheless, Carr is suspicious of it, maintaining that we have lost a quiet area to think deeper and read dedicatedly. Finally, he considers that most people s eem to be the machine. As Kubrick’s dark prophecy said, â€Å" as we come to rely on computers to mediate our understanding of the world, it is our own intelligence that flattens into artificial intelligence.† Response: After reading â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?† , I agree with Carr about how the Internet negatively influences our lives, and I start to be worried about my future. As we know, the Internet is more and more popular in the world, especially for our millennial. As the result of the advanced development of technology, we have to do a quick read or learn something as soon as we can in order to adapt in the environment. Due to the Internet, I can find anything I want so that it is more easily to get knowledge, and I am used to devoting less time and put less effort on study. I am becoming lazy to think deeper and to do much read, in consequence, my memory seems to be worse because the technology can help me to remember things and then remind me of them. I have already realized that how much of distraction the Internet has. When I read a long article, I have the same feeling as Carr’s that I cannot be concentrated on the reading, while I like to check my phones for many ti mes or change to do other things. I spend much more time on Tweeter and Facebook, and I thought I knew everything of the world through the social media, but actually, I forgot to think of the news deeply and critically. Works Cited Carr, Nicholas. â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid.† 50 Essays: A Portable Anthology. 4th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2014. 91-101. Print.

Metaphysical Poetry Essay

In the view of some critics, poems of this period have ‘delighted, puzzled and alienated readers’. What do you consider to be the demands and rewards for the readers of Metaphysical poetry? Refer in detail to at least three poems from this section of the anthology. You should consider the argument of the poems and the poet’s choices of language and verse form. Metaphysical poetry bases its ideas on explaining an extended metaphor, often on important and intellectual subjects such as the transience of life, mans relationship with God and love, in a context that entertains readers rather than boring them. This extended metaphor is known as the metaphysical conceit. It is often subtle, and therefore to some readers can be overlooked. However, for the readers who are able to uncover it, it can provide a deeper insight into the true meaning of the poem and can also make them question their own views on the subject, this is the reward intellectual readers receive from reading metaphysical poetry. Metaphysical poetry is often directed at intellectual readers. Some phrases in the poems would require prior knowledge to understand. This means that not all readers would be able to grasp the true meaning of the poem, or would overlook phrases. For example, in To His Coy Mistress Marvell uses several biblical references, such as ‘I would love you ten years before the flood’. This refers to Noah’s ark, and the flood depicted in the Bible. By using this image he is expressing that he would love her ten years before the beginning of time, and this is a subtle but strong compliment to his love. He also uses another biblical reference, ‘And you should, if you please, refuse Till the conversion of the Jews’. Those with prior knowledge would understand the idea that the Jews will never convert. The speaker in the poem is saying that she could refuse him forever and he would still love her. A reader who does not have biblical knowledge would surely overlook these phrases, but a reader who understands the strong compliments in this statements would have a much more enjoyable read of the poem, and would discover an extra level of meaning. This is one of the rewards of reading and understanding Metaphysical poetry. The idea of religion works in metaphysical poetry more than just in references to create subtle ideas. Religion is a common topic in Metaphysical poetry. Poems such as Love by George Herbert are based entirely around religion. In this poem, the speaker describes his interaction with God. This image of God is also personified as Love, and may suggest that God is love. Again, some readers may overlook this, and not realise that the person described in the poem is actually God. The way we can see that this figure is God is due to the use of lexis from the semantic field of religion. Words such as ‘sin’, ‘soul’, ‘Lord’ and ‘serve’ are all present, and this lexis is common in religious literature. The idea of religion works both ways, however. In To His Coy Mistress, although there is some reference to religion – as discussed earlier – there are also several phrases that don’t give an image of religion. The phrases ‘deserts of vast eternity’ is used to describe the afterlife, and this is an image that many Christians would not believe to be the afterlife. Marvell is suggesting a different view from the idea that everyone will go to either Heaven or Hell, an advanced view for a man living in an extremely religious time. One major device metaphysical poets use is the idea of a metaphysical conceit. All the metaphysical poems uses a metaphor to compare dissimilar things. For example, in Robert Herrick’s To Daffodils people are likened to daffodils, in relation to the transience of life. He uses phrases such as ‘haste away so soon’, and ‘We have short time to stay as you’. He is saying that, like daffodils, people will die too. This is a strange concept, but as you read the poem you begin to understand his logic. It would take a sophisticated mind to understand the ideas Herrick presents, but those who do understand would receive a deeper understanding of his argument. Structurally, Metaphysical poets use structure to present ideas in a clear and logical fashion. The ideas are often complex, and so, like an essay about a complicated topic, structure helps the reader understand. One common form of structure is to separate the poem into parts, each with an argument that leads to a clear conclusion. In To His Coy Mistress Marvell separates his argument into three parts. In the first part he describes what he would do if he had all the time in the world, how he would ‘adore each breast’ for two hundred years. However, in the second part he describes how he does not have that amount of time to adore her, and that she would die long before, and ‘worms shall try that long-preserved virginity’. In the final part Marvell concludes that as he does not have the time to adore her how he wishes, she should yield to his passion. This is a developed argument in three parts, and is a form of syllogism. It helps the reader understand the intent of the poem in a similar way to using paragraphs would in an essay. Rhythm is also used in metaphysical poetry to express the writers values. In To Daffodils the writer is presented as a person who has an unusual lack of trepidation for death. The opening quatrain is written in a mixture of iambic tetrameter and trimeter. This gives it a childish and nursery rhyme like rhythm. This helps to show the reader how the writer is uncaring about the situation, and is almost nonchalant about death. The line ‘stay, stay’, puts a halt to the childlike rhyme, but in a way could be perceived to make the first stanza sound almost like a lullaby. This makes the poem seem very calm and simple, feelings not usually associated with death and the transience of life. Feeling the effects of this rhythm show the reader the true feelings of the writer in a way many would not see. In conclusion, the metaphysical poets used many different devices to hide away many of the main ideas of their poems. Whilst many readers can understand the basic idea of the poem, they will not gain a full understanding of the point the poet is trying to make unless they have the knowledge and understanding required of a reader of Metaphysical poetry. For this reason, many will feel puzzled and alienated, whilst others will be truly delighted once they have gained the deeper understanding.

A Comparative Essay Between 1984 and Brave New World Essay

It is interesting to note, before anything, the similarities between Brave New World and 1984. Firstly and rather obviously, they are both prophetic novels, they were both written in turbulent times, both suffering changes that could revert the future of the world. When 1984 was written, the world had just gotten out of a second war and the surprising rise of communism and their totalitarian government was frightening most of the western world. In George Orwell’s novel, the main concern seems to be the overtaking of a supreme, socialist totalitarian government/dictatorship. On the other hand, when Brave New World was written, the world had just been swept by a wave of mass production and consumerism, and that too is reflected in Aldous Huxley’s ultra-modern, test-tube baby, sleep-taught society. That is exactly what makes the two novels so alike and so different at the same time. To begin with both authors forecast a society of obedience and compliance, but on one hand, the Brave New World is also driven by consumerism and high advanced technology and drug abuse (soma, to ensure the happiness of the masses), † ‘Now- such is progress- the old men work, the old men copulate, the old men have no time, no leisure from pleasure, not a moment to sit down and think- or even by some unlucky chance such a crevice of time should yawn in the solid substance of their distractions, there is always some, delicious soma half a gramme for half a holiday [†¦] returning when they find themselves on the other side of the crevice, safe on the solid ground of daily labour and distraction†¦'†. Whilst 1984 is a bare, war stricken place with food rations and the like, â€Å"Outside, even through the shut window-pane, the world looked cold. Down the street little eddies of wind were whirling dust and torn papers into spirals, and though the sun was shinning and the sky was blue, there seemed to be no colour in anything, except in the posters that were plastered everywhere.† Both novels also similar in the aspect that most inhabitants do not seem to see a problem with the world they live in, most comply and obey, in Brave New World, most consume, but in both novels, there are the odd sheep. In Brave New World Bernard Marx, † ‘But he’s so ugly!’ [†¦] ‘And then so  small.’ Fanny rebels because he does not fit in made a grimace; smallness was so horribly and typically low-caste.† In 1984, Winston Smith rebels because he does not accept, â€Å"to the future or the past, to a time when thought is free, when men are different from one another and do not live alone- to a time when truth exists and what is done cannot be undone. From the age of uniformity, from the age of solitude, form the age of Big Brother, from the age of doublethink-â€Å". says Winston. Both novel seem to portray societies divided into castes, in 1984 there are three of them the ‘proles’, the ‘outer Party’ and the ‘inner Party’, the ‘proles’ are the uneducated masses, the ‘outer party’ are the medium working class, and the ‘inner party’ are the controllers. In Brave New World, the castes are a bit more literal, four in total, Alphas, intelligent and beautiful, have the high positions, Betas, not quite as ‘perfect’ as the Alphas, Gammas, part of the uneducated masses and finally Epsilons, similar in IQ to oysters, the workers and cleaners. Both novels can be regarded as ‘novels that changed history’, that is, when they were written it seemed that things were headed in the direction that both novels pointed out, and some people considered that it was the novels that ‘opened people’s eyes’ and showed them the way. However, many other people seemed to think that both were equally extreme to have actually concretized themselves.